Victimization by peers is a problem of clinical and social relevance. In addition, this is a problem perpetuated over time in many cases. This symposium examines numerous aspects related to the mechanisms involved in perpetuating victimization and its impact on victims. A preventive program is also presented: 1) Cognitive mechanisms that explain the perpetuation of victimization by peers. Based on a longitudinal study, it is shown that certain dysfunctional schemes act as mechanisms mediating the relationship between prior victimization (both in the family and in the school) and social anxiety and subsequent school victimization. 2) Mediators of the relationship between cyberbullying and depression. It shows how cyberbullying victimization leads to depressive symptomatology through body image damage and dysfunctional schemes related to a negative self-concept. In addition, these mechanisms are more intense in girls than in boys. 3) Cyberbullying is associated with other online behavioral problems such as sexting and grooming among minors. The symposium addresses the common risk factors for these problems, such as low self-esteem, depressive symptoms and problematic use of the internet, among others. 4). Finally, Cyberprogram 2.0, an intervention aimed at preventing bullying and cyberbullying, will be presented. This evidence-based program reduces effect of bullying and cyberbullying and improves numerous adaptive aspects in childhood and adolescence.

Dr. Calvete is a senior Professor of Psychology in the University of Deusto. She coordinates the Deusto Stress Research, a research unit focused on vulnerability to stress and various psychological problems that can arise when individuals are facing adversity. One of the most active research lines is violence in adolescence. The team assesses the characteristics associated with both victimization and the perpetration of aggressive behavior. Esther Calvete is the author and co-author of numerous publications on violence and depression in adolescents.